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Pagratsada ng merchandise trade simula noong Enero 2025, tuloy-tuloy na ba?

TINGIN SA EKONOMIYA

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LIMANG buwan ang sunud-sunod na pagratsada ng merchandise trade simula noong Enero 2025. Tuloy-tuloy na ba ito? Hindi ba ito biglang  titigil dahil sa magulong world economy?

Simula noong Enero 2025, rumatsada ang merchandise trade ng Pilipinas. Ang year-on-year growth (YOY) ay 10.6% noong Enero, 6.1% noong Pebrero, 14.2% noong Marso, at 2.7% noong Mayo. (Table 1)

Sa kabuuan, umakyat ng 6.8% ang naitalang total merchandise trade na umabot sa US$88.1 bilyon noong unang limang buwan ng 2025. (Table 2). Umakyat ang exports ng 10.8%  YOY samantalang ang imports ay lumago ng 4.4%. Dahil mas mabilis ang paglago ng exports kaysa sa imports,  dumausdos ang trade deficit sa $19.7 bilyon, 9.4% na mas mababa kumpara sa kaparehong period noong nakaraang taon.

Sa ganang exports, halos lahat ng major exports ay lumago. Ang pinakamalaking paglago ay naitala ng fruits and vegetables (15.9%), machinery at transport equipment (11.2%), chemicals (3.7%), garments at apparel (2.2%), at electronics (0.9%).  Ngunit patuloy ang paglugmok ng copper metal na bumulusok pababa ng    -91.5% kumpara sa -12.5% noong 2024. Ang madilim na outlook sa karamihan ng consumer goods, kung saan malaking bahagdan sa ating export products ay intermediate product, ay dahil sa dampening impact sa buong mundo ng mataas na inflation sa consumer demand. Ganoon din ang pagtaas ng interest rates na siyang dahilan ng pag-iwas sa pagpapalawak ng manufacturing capacity ng mga negosyo.

Sa ating export markets, sa 20 na pinakamalaking bansa, 7 lang ang nagpakita ng pagbagsak. Kasama sa mga bumagsak na markets ang China,  Korea, Taiwan, Vietnam, Thailand, Indonesia, at United Kingdom.  Ang mga pinakamataas na paglago ay ipinakita ng Australia (369.5%), Canada (348.0%), India (79.6%), Spain (28.6%),  Germany (21.1%), Mexico (16.5%), Singapore (14.5%), Japan (12.2%), at Netherlands (10.2%).


Sa mga major imports, halos lahat ay lumago nang double-digit kasama ang electronics components, transport equipment, telecom equipment at electrical machinery, at power-generating at electronic data processing machinery na lumago sa antas na 19.7%, 11.5%, 10.9%, at 5.9%, respectively. Tanging bumaba ang imports ng  minerals fuels and lubricants (-20.8%) dahil sa pagbagsak ng presyo ng langis mula sa $83.5/bariles noong nakaraang taon sa $71.9/bariles ngayong unang limang buwan ng 2025.

Sa kabuuan, patuloy ang magulong direksiyon ng export at import demand habang walang humpay na nilalabanan ang pandaigdigang suliranin sa inflation at interest rates. Lalo pa itong pinagulo ng trade war ng USA at ng major trade blocs na maaaring lalala sa mga susunod na buwan. Kaya hindi pa ring malinaw kung magiging normal na ang daloy ng pangangalakal sa taong ito.

Table 1. TOTAL MERCHANDISE TRADE, BY MONTH
TOTAL EXPORTS IMPORTS TOTAL EXPORTS IMPORTS
TRADE TRADE
                     US$ Million YOY % Growth
2024
September        17,622        6,260        11,362 3.1% -7.6% 10.1%
October        18,197        6,191        12,006 5.3% -5.0% 11.6%
November        16,330        5,697        10,633 -5.2% -8.6% -3.3%
December        15,491        5,673          9,819 -1.6% -1.9% -1.4%
2025
January        18,069        6,571        11,498 10.6% 9.6% 11.2%
February        16,548        6,787          9,761 6.1% 12.8% 1.9%
March        18,048        6,768        11,280 14.2% 8.7% 17.8%
April        17,538        6,783        10,755 1.2% 7.6% -2.5%
May        17,867        7,289        10,579 2.7% 15.1% -4.4%
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority

 

Table 2. MERCHANDISE TRADE, US$ Million         JANUARY-MAY  
  2023 2024 2025
TOTAL TRADE 80,900 82,469 88,071
   Growth Rate -8.1% 1.9% 6.8%
Total Merchandise Trade Balance (23,689) (20,720) (19,676)
% of GDP -10.5% -10.5% -9.4%
Exports (US$M) 28,605 30,874 34,197
   Growth Rate -11.1% 7.9% 10.8%
Imports (US$M)     52,295         51,594        53,873
    Growth Rate (%) -6.4% -1.3% 4.4%
Source: PSA

 

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Table 3. EXPORTS                 JANUARY-MAY    
  2023 2024 2025
Exports (US$M) 28,605 30,874 34,197
   Growth Rate -11.1% 7.9% 10.8%
   ELECTRONICS  2/ 15,654 17,641 17,797
     % Growth -11.2% 12.7% 0.9%
  MACHINERY & TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT2/ 984 1,086 1,208
     % Growth 1.5% 10.4% 11.2%
  CHEMICALS 674 819 850
     % Growth -20.5% 21.6% 3.7%
   GARMENTS & APPAREL 276 260 266
      % Growth -17.1% -5.7% 2.2%
     FRUITS & VEGETABLES          933            1,001           1,160
      % Growth -2.0% 7.2% 15.9%
     COPPER METAL      756.92          662.53           56.40
      % Growth -27.9% -12.5% -91.5%
 Source: PSA
Table 3. IMPORTS
Imports (US$M)     52,295         51,594        53,873
Growth Rate  (%) -6.4% -1.3% 4.4%
   POWER GENERATING & IT MACHINERY 4,267 4,351 4,608
     % Growth -8.8% 2.0% 5.9%
   TELECOM EQPMT & ELECTRICAL MACHINERY 7,527 6,734 7,506
     % Growth -0.6% -10.5% 11.5%
   ELECTRONICS COMPONENTS 3,487 3,126 3,743
     % Growth -27.9% -10.3% 19.7%
   MINERAL FUELS & LUBRICANTS 8,504 8,539 6,760
     % Growth -8.6% 0.4% -20.8%
   TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 4,865 6,167 6,961
     % Growth 2.2% 26.8% 12.9%
Source: PSA

 

 

Table 4. Philippine Export Statistics for the Top Ten Countries: January-May 2024 and 2025
(FOB Value in million US$)
Countries 2024 2025 Annual Growth Rate
(%)
Jan-May Percent Share
(%)
Jan-May p Percent Share
(%)
 Cumulative
 (3)  (4)  (7)  (8)  (10)
Total Exports            30,874.04 100.0            34,197.36 100.0 10.8
Top 10 Countries Total            23,967.15 77.6            25,659.26 75.0 7.1
1 United States of America              4,929.72 16.0              5,377.78 15.7 9.1
2 Hong Kong              4,355.21 14.1              4,645.96 13.6 6.7
3 Japan              4,307.94 14.0              4,835.02 14.1 12.2
4 People’s Republic of China              3,735.25 12.1              3,531.48 10.3 -5.5
5 Singapore              1,188.62 3.8              1,360.39 4.0 14.5
6 Republic of Korea              1,615.13 5.2              1,291.28 3.8 -20.1
7 Germany              1,075.69 3.5              1,302.19 3.8 21.1
8 Republic of China (Taiwan)              1,269.58 4.1              1,222.10 3.6 -3.7
9 Canada                 205.38 0.7                 920.00 2.7 348.0
10 Thailand              1,284.63 4.2              1,173.05 3.4 -8.7
Other Countries              6,906.89 22.4              8,538.10 25.0 23.6
11 Netherlands              1,261.45 4.1              1,390.31 4.1 10.2
12 India                 422.33 1.4                 758.65 2.2 79.6
13 Malaysia                 927.63 3.0              1,046.96 3.1 12.9
14 Mexico                 369.50 1.2                 430.44 1.3 16.5
15 Vietnam                 765.03 2.5                 667.56 2.0 -12.7
16 Indonesia                 377.26 1.2                 341.14 1.0 -9.6
17 Switzerland                 251.25 0.8                 298.23 0.9 18.7
18 Spain                 132.39 0.4                 169.49 0.5 28.0
19 Australia                 220.74 0.7              1,036.36 3.0 369.5
20 UK Great Britain and N. Ireland                 236.37 0.8                 225.32 0.7 -4.7
21 Others              1,942.95 6.3              2,173.64 6.4 11.9
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority
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